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People & Institutions

People and companies named in the record

This section names the people, companies and banks that appear in the documents we have gathered about Iraq's public money since 2003. Each name carries its documented legal status on the date shown, and the documents it rests on.

How to read the status

Every name carries one of these statuses, as documented on the date shown. A sanctions designation is an official act, not a court judgment.

Court decisions

Convicted
Found guilty by a court.
Convicted in absentia
Found guilty by a court while absent.
Pleaded guilty
Admitted guilt in court.
Convicted (reported)
Reported convicted by credible media or an official statement; the judgment itself not seen.
Convicted; sentence served
Released after serving a sentence.
Found liable (civil)
Ordered to pay in a civil case. Not a criminal conviction.

Sanctions

Under sanctions
Placed on a government sanctions list. An official act, not a court judgment.

Charged, wanted or arrested

Wanted
Wanted by the courts and out of their reach.
Charged or wanted
Charged, or the subject of an arrest warrant; not convicted.
Arrested
Arrested or held; not convicted.
Released on bail
Released while the case continues.

Official findings and accusations

Disciplined by an official body
Fined, suspended or otherwise punished by an administrative body.
Removed from office
Removed from an official post.
Accused by an official body
Accused by an official body or office holder; not charged.
Under investigation
Named by an official body as under investigation; not charged.
Accused in credible reporting
Accused by credible media or a published report; no official action known.

Cleared, pardoned or lifted

Conviction quashed
A conviction later overturned.
Acquitted
Found not guilty.
Charges dropped or case closed
Charges dropped or the case closed.
Pardoned or amnestied
Released or cleared under a pardon or amnesty.
Sanctions lifted
Removed from a sanctions list.
Not charged as of the date of writing
Named, for example as an office holder, bank owner or licence holder, with no charge, conviction, sanction or official finding.

What this section does not mean

Not everyone named here is accused. The exact status is given next to every name. An accusation is not a conviction, and nobody is called a criminal unless a court has convicted them. A name is not added because it circulates on social media. It is added only when a document supports it.

The names

Of the 70 court decisions, 16 are convictions, 49 are convictions known from reports, where the judgment itself has not been seen, and 5 are civil judgments. There are 21 names under United States sanctions. Of these, 3 are listed under another status, a court decision or an amnesty.

Showing 290 of 290

Court decisions70

  • Basil Al Jarahباسل الجراح

    Unaoil partner in Iraq

    Convicted1 case
  • Bruce D. Hopfengardnerبروس هوبفنغاردنر

    Lieutenant Colonel, US Army Reserve (CPA-SC)

    Convicted1 case
  • David Lufkinديفيد لوفكين

    Former Head of Sales, Petrofac Group

    Convicted1 case
  • Managing directors of Ansar al-Raya wal-Fawaris and Mizan al-Iraq companies (unnamed)المديران المفوضان لشركتي أنصار الراية والفوارس وميزان العراق

    Withdrawing companies

    Convicted1 case
  • Petrofac Limitedبتروفاك المحدودةCompany

    Oil services company

    Convicted1 case
  • Philip H. Bloomفيليب بلوم

    US businessman (Global Business Group), contractor

    Convicted1 case
  • Robert J. Stein Jr.روبرت ستاين

    CPA-SC Comptroller and Funding Officer (DoD contract employee)

    Convicted1 case
  • Saman Ahsaniسامان أحساني

    Former COO, Unaoil

    Convicted1 case
  • Twelve General Commission for Taxes employees (unnamed)اثنا عشر موظفاً في الهيئة العامة للضرائب

    Officials who processed withdrawals

    Convicted1 case
  • Haitham al-Jubouriهيثم الجبوري

    Former MP; adviser to PM Kadhimi (according to media)

    Convicted in absentia1 case
  • Nour Zuhair Jassimنور زهير جاسم

    Businessman; owner of al-Qanit and al-Mubdi'un companies

    Convicted in absentia1 case
  • Raed Jouhi (Raid Juhi)رائد جوحي

    Director of PM Mustafa al-Kadhimi's office; former judge

    Convicted in absentia1 case
  • Ziad Tariq Cattan (al-Qattan)زياد القطان

    Procurement chief; deputy secretary-general / secretary-general of the Ministry of Defence (from 2004 to 2005)

    Convicted in absentia1 case
  • Cyrus Ahsaniسايروس أحساني

    Former CEO, Unaoil

    Pleaded guilty1 case
  • Debra Harrisonديبرا هاريسون

    Lieutenant Colonel, US Army Reserve (CPA-SC)

    Pleaded guilty1 case
  • Technip USA Inc.تكنيب يو إس إيهCompany

    US subsidiary

    Pleaded guilty1 case
  • Abdul Nasser al-Muntasir Billahعبد الناصر المنتصر بالله

    Former governor of Diyala

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Afrah Mohammed Abd Aliافراح محمد عبد علي

    Director General of Rafidain Bank (2020)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Ahmed Abdul Ghafour al-Samarraiأحمد عبد الغفور السامرائي

    Head of the Sunni Endowment Diwan, from July 2005 to November 2013

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Ahmed Abdullah al-Jubouri (Abu Mazin)أحمد عبد الله الجبوري

    Governor of Salah al-Din; MP

    Convicted (reported)2 cases
  • Alaa Samir Rashid Shukr al-Jubouriعلاء سمير راشد شكر الجبوري

    Former director general, General Company for Electricity Distribution, Middle Region

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Ali Maarij Sweij al-Bahadlyعلي معارج سويج البهادلي

    Deputy Minister of Oil (distribution); former chair, parliamentary oil & gas committee

    Convicted (reported)2 cases
  • Ali Shafi Asaadعلي شافي أسعد

    Former director-general, Ministry of Industry and Minerals

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Alia Nassif Jassimعالية نصيف جاسم

    Member of Parliament

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Ammar Jabr Khalil Abd al-Hamidعمار جبر خليل عبد الحميد

    Former Governor of Salah al-Din

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Ashwaq Salim Hassan (Ashwaq al-Jubouri)أشواق سالم حسن (أشواق الجبوري)

    Member of Parliament

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Atheel al-Nujaifiأثيل عبد العزيز محمد النجيفي

    Former governor of Nineveh

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Ayoub Yousif Mahmoud Ibrahimأيوب يوسف محمود إبراهيم

    Official in the Nineveh governorate's reconstruction office; member of a committee building camps for displaced people

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Bahaa Abdul Husseinبهاء عبد الحسين

    Founder and head of Qi Card (International Smart Card); Founder and former managing director of International Smart Card (Qi Card)

    Convicted (reported)2 cases
  • Bahaa al-Din Nour Muhammad Hussein (Bahaa al-Nouri)بهاء الدين نور محمد حسين (بهاء النوري)

    Member of Parliament

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • David Savageديفيد سافاج

    Former COO, Leighton Holdings

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • David Turnerديفيد تيرنر

    Former Global Sales Director (TEL), Innospec

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Director of Financial Affairs Division, Middle Electricity Distribution Company (not named)مدير الشؤون المالية في شركة توزيع كهرباء الوسط (لم يُذكر اسمه)

    Finance director, General Company for Electricity Distribution, Middle Region

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Fa'id Kadhim Noun al-Shammariفائد كاظم نون الشمري

    Former chairman of the board, Najaf airport

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Former governor of Salah al-Din (unnamed in statement)محافظ صلاح الدين السابق (لم يُذكر اسمه في البيان)

    Governor

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Former head of the Sunni Endowment Diwan (not named, 2023 case)رئيس ديوان الوقف السني الأسبق (لم يُذكر اسمه، قضية 2023)

    Former head, Sunni Endowment Diwan

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Hashem Abdel-Zahraهاشم عبد الزهرة

    Director-general, same ministry

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Hassanein Qasim Mohammed al-Khafajiحسنين قاسم محمد الخفاجي

    Member of parliament (current term)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Hazim al-Shaalanحازم الشعلان

    Minister of Defence (from June 2004 to May 2005)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Innospec Inc. / Innospec LtdإنوسبيكCompany

    Manufacturer

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Jamal al-Karbouliجمال الكربولي

    Head of al-Hal party; owner of Dijla TV

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • James McCormickجيمس ماكورميك

    Owner/MD of ATSC Ltd (UK)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Kadhim al-Sayadiكاظم الصيادي

    Former member of parliament

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Kadhim Finjan Husseinكاظم فنجان حسين

    Former minister of transport

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Legal department director, Iraq Civil Aviation Authority (unnamed)مدير الدائرة القانونية في سلطة الطيران المدني

    Official

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Luay al-Khateeb (Luay Al-Khatteeb)لؤي الخطيب

    Electricity minister, from October 2018 to May 2020

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Maj. Gen. Jihad al-Jabiriاللواء جهاد الجابري

    Head, MoI General Directorate for Combating Explosives

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Mohammed al-Karbouliمحمد ناصر دلي الكربولي

    MP; secretary-general of al-Hal party

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Mohammed Farman Shaher Salman al-Jubouriمحمد فرمان شاهر سلمان الجبوري

    Member of parliament (current term)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Muhammad Hanash Mahmoud Dakiمحمد حنش محمود ذكي

    Deputy or assistant customs officer, Trebil crossing with Jordan (one source describes him as former director of customs)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Mushriq Abbas Najiمشرق عباس ناجي

    Political adviser to the former prime minister

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Nawfal Hammadi al-Sultan (al-Akoub)نوفل العاكوب

    Governor of Nineveh (from 2017 to 2019)

    Convicted (reported)2 cases
  • Osama Hussam Jawdatأسامة حسام جودت

    Former director-general of the General Commission for Taxes

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Ousama (Osama) Naamanأسامة نعمان

    Lebanese agent of Innospec

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Raad al-Haris (Raad Al-Harris)رعد الحارس

    Former deputy electricity minister (about 10 years); at arrest, adviser to PM Mustafa al-Kadhimi overseeing power-plant projects

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Riad al-Gharibرياض غريب

    Former Minister of Construction, Housing, Municipalities and Public Works (from 2006 to 2010)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Saad Nasr Alwanسعد نصر علوان

    Former director, Baqubah Municipality Directorate (Diyala's capital)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Sarbast Omar Hassanسربست عمر حسن

    Former deputy minister of culture

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Sargon Lazar Slewaسركون لازار صليوا

    Former Minister of Environment

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Shakir Al Zamiliشاكر الزاملي

    Former head, Baghdad Investment Commission

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Talal al-Zobaieطلال الزوبعي

    Former MP (formerly chair of parliament's integrity committee)

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Three former Ministry of Electricity officials (unnamed)ثلاثة موظفين سابقين في وزارة الكهرباء (لم تُذكر أسماؤهم)

    Co-accused alongside al-Khateeb

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Walaa Abdul Jawad Hussainولاء عبد الجواد حسين

    Head of Rafidain Bank's card-accounts division

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Yashar Ali Mohammed Ahmed Bayraqdarيشار علي محمد أحمد بيرقدار

    Former director of planning and follow-up, Kirkuk governorate office

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Ziad Salman Hassoun Mohsen al-Nadawiزياد سلمان حسون محسن النداوي

    Co-accused

    Convicted (reported)1 case
  • Custer Battles LLCشركة كستر باتلزCompany

    CPA contractor

    Found liable (civil)1 case
  • Joseph Morrisجوزيف موريس

    Defendant and appellant in the qui tam action

    Found liable (civil)1 case
  • Korek Telecomشركة كورك تيليكومCompany

    Mobile operator (Erbil)

    Found liable (civil)1 case
  • Scott Custerسكوت كستر

    Co-founder, Custer Battles LLC

    Found liable (civil)1 case
  • Sirwan Barzaniسيروان بارزاني

    Founder and controlling shareholder of Korek

    Found liable (civil)1 case

Sanctions18

  • Abd al-Aziz al-Muhammadawi (Abu Fadak)عبد العزيز المحمداوي (أبو فدك)

    PMF chief of staff; Kata'ib Hizballah leader (previously US-designated)

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Al-Bilad Islamic Bank for Investment and Finance P.S.C.مصرف البلاد الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويلCompany

    Privately owned Iraqi bank

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Ali Meften Khafeef al-Baidhaniعلي مفتن خفيف البيضاني

    Bank owner; Chairman of Union Bank of Iraq (bank's own social-media posts roughly from 2021 to 2022; Arab Weekly; Mubasher); not on current ISC board list

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Ali Mohammed Ghulam Hussein al-Anssari (Ali Ghulam)علي محمد غلام حسين

    Treasury: "Iraqi bank executive ... at the top of several Iraqi commercial banks".

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Aqeel Meften Khafeef al-Baidhaniعقيل مفتن خفيف البيضاني

    Bank owner; president of Iraq's National Olympic Committee; 13% shareholder of Union Bank of Iraq (ISC)

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Aras Habib Kareemآراس حبيب كريم

    Chairman and Chief Executive, Al-Bilad Islamic Bank for Investment and Finance

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Awqad Muhsin Faraj al-Hamidawiعوقد محسن فرج الحميداوي

    Directs KH businesses and financial portfolio; manages Al-Massal Land Travel and Tourism Co. (Treasury)

    Under sanctions
  • Baladna Agricultural Investmentsبلدنا للاستثمارات الزراعيةCompany

    Commercial front

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Basheer Abdulkadhim Alwan al-Shabbaniبشير عبد الكاظم علوان الشباني

    CEO and owner of Fly Baghdad at time of designation

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Hamad al-Moussawiحمد الموسوي

    Owner, chairman ("president of the board") of Al-Huda Bank (Treasury)

    Under sanctions2 cases
  • Khamis Farhan al-Khanjar al-Issawiخميس فرحان الخنجر العيساوي

    Businessman; leader of a Sunni political alliance

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Majid Ali Akbar Namdar al-Mandalawi and Abdulhasan Ali Akbar Namdar al-Mandalawiماجد علي اكبر نامدار المندلاوي؛ عبدالحسن علي اكبر نامدار

    Owners or operators of Dubai hawala Shams & Bahr Trading Company LLC (Treasury)

    Under sanctions
  • Muhandis General Companyشركة المهندس العامةCompany

    State-owned company

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Mustafa Hashim Lazim al-Behadili ("Sayyid Awn")مصطفى هاشم لازم البهادلي

    AAH leader and economic official; owns or controls four Gulf Energy/Iraq International Energy companies (Treasury)

    Under sanctions
  • Salim Ahmed Saidسليم أحمد سعيد

    Iraqi-British businessman (VS Oil Terminal FZE / VS Tankers); runs VS Oil Terminal/VS Tankers network (Treasury)

    Under sanctions2 cases
  • Shibl Muhsin 'Ubayd al-Zaydiشبل محسن عبيد الزيدي

    Financial coordinator between the Quds Force of Iran's Revolutionary Guards and armed groups in Iraq (Treasury)

    Under sanctions
  • VS Oil Terminal FZE; VS Tankers FZEفي إس أويل ترمنال؛ في إس تانكرزCompany

    Said network companies

    Under sanctions1 case
  • Waleed Khaled Hameed al-Samarra'iوليد خالد حميد السامرائي

    UAE-based Iraqi-Kittitian businessman running a tanker network (Treasury)

    Under sanctions1 case

Charged, wanted or arrested29

  • Majid al-Nasrawiماجد النصراوي

    Governor of Basra (from 2013 to 2017)

    Wanted1 case
  • Ahmed Jassim Saber al-Asadiأحمد جاسم صابر الأسدي

    Former Minister of Labour and Social Affairs

    Charged or wanted1 case
  • Basim Khashanباسم خشان

    Former member of parliament

    Charged or wanted1 case
  • Haider Hanounحيدر حنون

    Acting head of the Federal Integrity Commission (November 2022 to October 2024); a judge

    Charged or wanted1 case
  • Hussein al-Uzriحسين الأزري

    President and chairman, TBI (from 2003 to 2011)

    Charged or wanted1 case
  • Rolls-Royce plcرولز رويسCompany

    UK aerospace and energy engineering company; defendant

    Charged or wanted1 case
  • Samer Kubba (Kabba)سامر كبة

    Chairman/Director-General, Iraqi Airways (2017)

    Charged or wanted1 case
  • Suhaib al-Rawiصهيب الراوي

    Governor of Anbar (from 2014 to 2017)

    Charged or wanted1 case
  • TechnipFMC plcتكنيب إف إم سيCompany

    Successor parent company (formed by 2017 Technip/FMC Technologies merger); defendant

    Charged or wanted1 case
  • Abdul Rahman al-Luwaiziعبد الرحمن اللويزي

    Member of parliament

    Arrested1 case
  • Adnan al-Jumailiعدنان الجميلي

    Deputy Minister of Oil for Refining Affairs

    Arrested1 case
  • Bushra al-Qaisiبشرى القيسي

    Former member of parliament (according to the Finance Ministry list; the news agency list said member of parliament)

    Arrested1 case
  • Head and two members of the Direct Implementation Committee, Amarah Grain Silo (unnamed)رئيس لجنة التنفيذ المباشر في سايلو العمارة وعضوان فيها (لم تُذكر أسماؤهم)

    State Company for Grain Trading employees

    Arrested1 case
  • Hind Muhammad Salih al-Abbasiهند محمد صالح العباسي

    Member of Parliament

    Arrested1 case
  • Hussein Talibحسين طالب

    Director-General, Oil Products Distribution Company

    Arrested1 case
  • Ibrahim al-Sumaidaieإبراهيم الصميدعي

    Adviser to the former prime minister (as the Central Bank letter is reported)

    Arrested1 case
  • Khalid Ghazay Atiya (Khalid Ghazai Attiya)خالد غزاي عطية

    Undersecretary or director general for transmission and distribution affairs, Ministry of Electricity (title varies by outlet)

    Arrested1 case
  • Mohammed Jamil al-Mayahiمحمد جميل المياحي

    Member of parliament; former governor of Wasit (Alsumaria, 3 March 2025)

    Arrested1 case
  • Mudar al-Karawiمضر الكروي

    Member of parliament

    Arrested1 case
  • Muthanna al-Samarraiمثنى السامرائي

    Leader of the Al-Azm Alliance

    Arrested1 case
  • Other oil-protection police officers (incl. brigadiers)ضباط آخرون في شرطة الطاقة

    Officers

    Arrested1 case
  • Raed al-Jubouriرائد الجبوري

    Former governor of Salaheddin

    Arrested1 case
  • Sabah Mohammed al-Sudaniصباح السوداني

    Brother of the minister

    Arrested1 case
  • Several Rafidain Bank officials, Al-Diwaniyah branch (unnamed)عدد من موظفي مصرف الرافدين في فرع الديوانية (لم تُذكر أسماؤهم)

    State-owned Rafidain Bank branch officials

    Arrested1 case
  • Sunni Endowment Diwan official (not named, 2013 case)موظف في ديوان الوقف السني (لم يُذكر اسمه، قضية 2013)

    Official, Sunni Endowment Diwan (Diwan al-Waqf al-Sunni)

    Arrested1 case
  • Ziad al-Janabiزياد الجنابي

    Member of parliament; elected chair of parliament's Integrity Committee on 29 January 2023 (parliament's media office, via Alsumaria

    Arrested1 case
  • Mohammed al-Sayhoodمحمد الصيهود

    Former member of parliament

    Released on bail1 case
  • Raad Shallal al-Aniرعد شلال العاني

    Minister of Electricity (from February to August 2011)

    Released on bail1 case
  • Rakan Saeed al-Jubouriراكان سعيد الجبوري

    Acting governor of Kirkuk (in office in 2018 and 2020, according to the statements)

    Released on bail1 case

Official findings and accusations26

Accused in credible reporting8

  • Al Saqi Electronic Payment Companyشركة الساقي للدفع الإلكترونيCompany

    Electronic payment and card company affiliated with the Holy Shrine of Al Abbas, Karbala (WSJ)

    Accused in credible reporting1 case
  • Amwaj Internationalأمواج الدوليةCompany

    Iraqi real-estate firm; CAAP's local consortium partner

    Accused in credible reporting1 case
  • Corporación América Airports (CAAP)كوربوراسيون أمريكا للمطاراتCompany

    Luxembourg-registered international airport operator; lead consortium partner

    Accused in credible reporting1 case
  • Fadhil al-Dabbasفاضل الدباس

    Chairman of United Bank for Investment (as of 2012, according to OCCRP)

    Accused in credible reporting
  • Hadeel Abd al-Salemهديل عبد السلام

    Governor's wife; described as linked to Al-Ataa Bank

    Accused in credible reporting1 case
  • Hassan Nasser Jaafar al-Lamiحسن ناصر جعفر اللامي

    Businessman; holds just under 10% of Iraqi Noor Islamic Bank (OCCRP)

    Accused in credible reporting
  • Mishan al-Jubouriمشعان الجبوري

    MP, member of parliamentary integrity committee

    Accused in credible reporting1 case
  • Yana Banking Servicesيانا للخدمات المصرفيةCompany

    Card provider based in Erbil, partner of Mastercard (WSJ)

    Accused in credible reporting1 case

Cleared, pardoned or lifted14

  • Paul Bondبول بوند

    Senior sales manager, SBM Offshore

    Conviction quashed1 case
  • Peter Greggبيتر غريغ

    Former CFO, Leighton Holdings

    Conviction quashed1 case
  • Stephen Whiteleyستيفن وايتلي

    Unaoil territory manager for Iraq (former SBM VP)

    Conviction quashed1 case
  • Ziad Akleزياد عقل

    Unaoil territory manager for Iraq

    Conviction quashed1 case
  • Mudhir Muhammad Salihمظهر محمد صالح

    Central Bank of Iraq Deputy Governor (later PM's financial adviser)

    Acquitted1 case
  • Sinan al-Shabibiسنان الشبيبي

    Central Bank of Iraq Governor (from September 2003 to October 2012)

    Acquitted1 case
  • Ali al-Dabbaghعلي الدباغ

    Government spokesman (resigned 29 November 2012)

    Charges dropped or case closed1 case
  • Ayham (Aiham) al-Samarraiأيهم السامرائي

    Minister of Electricity (from 2003 to 2005)

    Charges dropped or case closed1 case
  • Elaf Islamic Bankمصرف إيلاف الإسلاميBank

    Privately owned Iraqi bank, Baghdad

    Charges dropped or case closed1 case
  • Fly Baghdad Airlines Company (aka Iraq Express)فلاي بغدادCompany

    Iraqi private airline, established 2014

    Charges dropped or case closed1 case
  • Mustafa al-Kadhimiمصطفى الكاظمي

    Prime Minister (from May 2020 to October 2022)

    Charges dropped or case closed2 cases
  • Abdul Falah Hassan Hadi al-Sudaniعبد الفلاح حسن هادي السوداني

    Minister of Trade (from 2006 to 2009)

    Pardoned or amnestied1 case
  • Maj. Gen. Ghanem Mohammed Jaafar Hassan al-Husseiniاللواء غانم محمد جعفر حسن الحسيني

    Director-General of the Energy (Oil) Police

    Pardoned or amnestied1 case
  • Sabah al-Kinaniصباح الكناني

    Head of the Reform and Change Foundation (a civil-society organisation); candidate in the October 2021 parliamentary election

    Pardoned or amnestied1 case

Not charged as of the date of writing125