The Ledger
The banks
This page lists every bank that could buy dollars at the Central Bank's window. The window is the daily sale at which the Central Bank of Iraq sells dollars to banks. For each bank the page gives the dollars it is documented as buying from 2012 to 2020, its legal status and the measures that regulators took against it. It also gives the number of enforcement actions recorded against the bank, its owners or its managers. Each bank's own page names its owners and managers where they are known. The purchases count only the verified rows of the Central Bank's daily records that survive, so each figure is a minimum.
The register lists 87 banks. The surviving records show purchases by 68 of them. The record holds at least one enforcement action against 39 of them or their owners and managers.
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Showing 87 of 87 banks.
| Bank | Type | Documented purchases from 2012 to 2020 | Enforcement actions | Legal status and regulatory measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al-Huda Bank مصرف الهدى | Islamic bank | $10.3 billion | 4 | Regulatory measures: Subject to a FinCEN Section 311 special measure (2024); its owner was designated by OFAC; barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2024) |
| Investment Bank of Iraq مصرف الاستثمار العراقي | Private commercial bank | $9.1 billion | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2024); named in July 2026 among banks allowed back into non-dollar business (reported) |
| Sumer Commercial Bank مصرف سومر التجاري | Private commercial bank | $8.8 billion | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| Erbil Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف أربيل للاستثمار والتمويل | Private commercial bank | $8.2 billion | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| National Islamic Bank المصرف الوطني الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $8.1 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| International Development Bank (IDB) مصرف التنمية الدولي للاستثمار والتمويل | Private commercial bank | $8 billion | 2 | Regulatory measures: Restricted from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (reported, September 2025); named in July 2026 among banks allowed back into non-dollar business (reported) |
| Gulf Commercial Bank مصرف الخليج التجاري | Private commercial bank | $7.7 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Iraqi Middle East Investment Bank مصرف الشرق الأوسط العراقي للاستثمار | Private commercial bank | $7.7 billion | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (November 2022) |
| Ashur International Bank for Investment مصرف آشور الدولي للاستثمار | Private commercial bank | $7.6 billion | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2024) |
| Region Trade Bank (RTB, formerly Emerald Bank) مصرف تجارة الإقليم للاستثمار والتمويل | Private commercial bank | $7.5 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Rasheed Bank مصرف الرشيد | State-owned bank | $6.8 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Trans Iraq Bank (Iraq Trans Bank) مصرف عبر العراق للاستثمار والتمويل | Private commercial bank | $6.6 billion | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| Cihan Bank for Islamic Investment & Finance مصرف جيهان للاستثمار والتمويل الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $6.2 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Iraqi Islamic Bank for Investment & Development المصرف العراقي الإسلامي للاستثمار والتنمية | Islamic bank | $6.1 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| United Bank for Investment (UBI) المصرف المتحد للاستثمار | Private commercial bank | $5.8 billion | 1 | Regulatory measures: Reported barred from dollar dealing (February 2025); the Central Bank denied it and no document confirms it |
| Al-Bilad Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف البلاد الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $4.8 billion | 3 | Under sanctions Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (May 2018) |
| North Bank for Finance & Investment مصرف الشمال للتمويل والاستثمار | Private commercial bank | $4.3 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: Under Central Bank guardianship |
| Union Bank of Iraq مصرف اتحاد العراق | Private commercial bank | $4.2 billion | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2024) |
| Kurdistan International Islamic Bank for Investment & Development المصرف الدولي الإسلامي الكردستاني للاستثمار والتنمية | Islamic bank | $3.4 billion | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2024); named in July 2026 among banks allowed back into non-dollar business (reported) |
| National Bank of Iraq (NBI) المصرف الأهلي العراقي | Private commercial bank | $3.3 billion | 1 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Elaf Islamic Bank (formerly Barakaat Bank) مصرف إيلاف الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $3.3 billion | 4 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023); earlier US Treasury sanction (July 2012, lifted May 2013) |
| Mosul Bank for Development & Investment مصرف الموصل للتنمية والاستثمار | Private commercial bank | $3.2 billion | 3 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023); named in July 2026 among banks allowed back into non-dollar business (reported) |
| Babylon Bank مصرف بابل | Private commercial bank | $2.9 billion | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (December 2020); in liquidation (Central Bank list) |
| Economy Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف الاقتصاد للاستثمار والتمويل | Private commercial bank | $2.8 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| BBAC SAL (Erbil branch) بنك بيروت والبلاد العربية | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $2.1 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| BankMed SAL (Iraq) بنك المتوسط | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $1.8 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: In liquidation (Central Bank list) |
| Commercial Bank of Iraq المصرف التجاري العراقي | Private commercial bank | $1.7 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Bank of Baghdad مصرف بغداد | Private commercial bank | $1.6 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Al-Iraq Noor Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف العراق نور الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $1.2 billion | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (October 2019) |
| Warka Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف الوركاء للاستثمار والتمويل | Private commercial bank | $1.1 billion | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank (ADIB Iraq) مصرف أبوظبي الإسلامي | Branch of a foreign bank (UAE) | $993.6 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Arabia (Al-Arabiya) Islamic Bank المصرف العربي الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $935.4 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2024); named in July 2026 among banks allowed back into non-dollar business (reported) |
| Dijlah & Furat Bank for Development & Investment مصرف دجلة والفرات للتنمية والاستثمار | Islamic bank | $885.6 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: Under judicial receivership (Central Bank list) |
| Fransabank SAL (Iraq branch) بنك فرنسبنك | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $851.7 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: In liquidation (Central Bank list) |
| Al-Janoob Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف الجنوب الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $833.5 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2024); named in July 2026 among banks allowed back into non-dollar business (reported) |
| Credit Libanais SAL بنك الاعتماد اللبناني | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $828.4 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Trust International Islamic Bank مصرف الثقة الدولي الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $809.5 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| Mansour Bank for Investment مصرف المنصور للاستثمار | Private commercial bank | $761.3 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Banque Libano-Française (Iraq) البنك اللبناني الفرنسي | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $697.5 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| World Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف العالم الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $684.6 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| Türkiye İş Bankası (all Iraq branches) بنك إش بنكası التركي | Branch of a foreign bank (Turkey) | $683.7 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Al-Qurtas Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف القرطاس الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $626.7 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| Trade Bank of Iraq (TBI) المصرف العراقي للتجارة | State-owned bank | $538.1 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Al-Qabidh (Al-Qabid) Islamic Bank مصرف القابض الإسلامي للتمويل والاستثمار | Islamic bank | $529.3 million | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (November 2022) |
| Bank of Iraq Trade & Investment / Al-Ansari مصرف الأنصاري للاستثمار والتمويل | Private commercial bank | $518.7 million | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (November 2022) |
| Zain Iraq Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف زين العراق الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $419.7 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023); under Central Bank guardianship |
| Credit Bank of Iraq مصرف الائتمان العراقي | Private commercial bank | $388 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| T.C. Ziraat Bankası بنك زراعات التركي | Branch of a foreign bank (Turkey) | $333.8 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| MEAB Bank SAL بنك الشرق الأوسط وأفريقيا | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $288.6 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: In liquidation (Central Bank list) |
| Dar Es Salaam Investment Bank مصرف دار السلام للاستثمار | Private commercial bank | $280.2 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: Under judicial receivership (Central Bank list) |
| Bank Audi (Iraq branches) بنك عودة، فروع العراق | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $196.3 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Byblos Bank (Iraq / Erbil) بنك بيبلوس | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $180.4 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Rafidain Bank مصرف الرافدين | State-owned bank | $178.6 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Al-Mustashar Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف المستشار الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $122.9 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| IBL Bank SAL بنك إنتركونتيننتال لبنان | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | $104.1 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: In liquidation (Central Bank list) |
| Al-Rajih Islamic Bank for Finance & Investment مصرف الراجح الإسلامي للتمويل والاستثمار | Islamic bank | $84.3 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| Islamic Cooperation Bank for Investment (Taawen) مصرف التعاون الإسلامي للاستثمار | Islamic bank | $61.8 million | 2 | Under sanctions Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2016); in liquidation (Central Bank list) |
| Asia Iraq Islamic Bank (Asia Bank) مصرف آسيا العراق الإسلامي للتمويل والاستثمار | Islamic bank | $51.2 million | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (November 2022) |
| Bank of Iraq (formerly Iraqi Socialist Bank) مصرف العراق | State-owned bank | $43.2 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Ameen Al-Iraq Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف أمين العراق الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $29.1 million | 1 | Regulatory measures: Reported barred from dollar dealing (February 2025); the Central Bank denied it and no document confirms it |
| Al-Nahrain Islamic Bank مصرف النهرين الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $7 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Albaraka Türk Katılım Bankası (Erbil branch) بنك البركة التركي | Branch of a foreign bank (Turkey) | $6 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Al-Taif Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف الطيف الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | $5.2 million | 3 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023); under Central Bank guardianship |
| Al-Wed International Islamic Bank مصرف الود الدولي الإسلامي للاستثمار والتنمية | Islamic bank | $5 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: Under Central Bank guardianship |
| Al-Mashreq Al-Arabi Islamic Bank مصرف المشرق العربي الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $4.3 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Reported barred from dollar dealing (February 2025); the Central Bank denied it and no document confirms it; named in July 2026 among banks allowed back into non-dollar business (reported) |
| Arab Bank Iraq المصرف العربي العراق | Foreign-owned bank (Jordan) | $3.3 million | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| International Islamic Bank المصرف الدولي الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $3.1 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| Al-Mal Islamic Bank for Investment (formerly Ur Islamic Bank) مصرف أور الإسلامي / مصرف المال الإسلامي | Islamic bank | $1.2 million | 2 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (July 2023) |
| Agricultural Cooperative Bank of Iraq المصرف الزراعي التعاوني | State-owned bank | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Al-Nasik Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance مصرف الناسك الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Al-Sanam Islamic Bank مصرف السنام الإسلامي | Islamic bank | None documented | 1 | Regulatory measures: Reported barred from dollar dealing (February 2025); the Central Bank denied it and no document confirms it |
| Alrawahel Islamic Investment & Finance Bank مصرف الرواحل الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Arab Banking Corporation (ABC) المؤسسة العربية المصرفية | Branch of a foreign bank (Bahrain) | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Bank Al Etihad (Iraq branch, Baghdad) بنك الاتحاد | Branch of a foreign bank (Jordan) | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Bank Melli Iran (Iraq branch) بنك ملي إيران | Branch of a foreign bank (Iran) | None documented | 3 | Under sanctions Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2016); under Central Bank guardianship |
| Bank of Jordan PLC (Iraq branch) بنك الأردن | Branch of a foreign bank (Jordan) | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Basrah International Bank for Investment مصرف البصرة الدولي للاستثمار | Private commercial bank | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| BLOM Bank SAL بنك بلوم | Branch of a foreign bank (Lebanon) | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| First Iraqi Islamic Bank for Investment & Finance المصرف العراقي الأول الإسلامي للاستثمار والتمويل | Islamic bank | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Hammurabi Commercial Bank مصرف حمورابي التجاري | Private commercial bank | None documented | 1 | Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2024) |
| Industrial Bank of Iraq المصرف الصناعي | State-owned bank | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Misk Islamic Bank مصرف مسك الإسلامي | Islamic bank | None documented | 1 | Regulatory measures: Reported barred from dollar dealing (February 2025); the Central Bank denied it and no document confirms it |
| Nishtiman Bank (KRG; under establishment, not yet operating) مصرف نشتمان | State-owned bank (Kurdistan Region) | None documented | 0 | Not charged as of the date of writing Licensed December 2023; not yet operating |
| Parsian Bank بنك پارسيان | Branch of a foreign bank (Iran) | None documented | 3 | Under sanctions Regulatory measures: Barred from dollar dealing by the Central Bank (January 2016); under Central Bank guardianship |
| Real Estate Bank of Iraq المصرف العقاري | State-owned bank | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Standard Chartered Bank (Iraq branch) بنك ستاندرد تشارترد | Branch of a foreign bank (UK) | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
| Türkiye Vakıflar Bankası (Erbil branch) بنك وقف بنك التركي | Branch of a foreign bank (Turkey) | None documented | 0 | Regulatory measures: No sanction, ban or fine recorded as of the date of writing |
Source: Central Bank of Iraq, daily records of the dollar sale, compiled from the verified rowsTier A
The purchases are a minimum. They count only the verified rows of the days whose records survive. The page Who got the dollars shows which days survive and how much of each year can be traced to a named bank.
The last column gives each bank's legal status and the measures that regulators took against it, as the encyclopedia records them. A measure of the Central Bank, such as a bar on dealing in dollars, guardianship or liquidation, is a regulatory act. It is not a legal status. Each bank's page lists the enforcement actions, with their documents.